@article { author = {Miri, Hadi and Hovanloo, Fariborz and Rahimi Bidhendi, Mojtaba}, title = {The effect of biofeedback training on electrical activity of trapezius muscles and flexion range of motion in people with shoulder impingement syndrome}, journal = {Sport Sciences and Health Research}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {125-133}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran Press}, issn = {2981-0205}, eissn = {2981-0205}, doi = {10.22059/sshr.2020.86131}, abstract = {Introduction: The aim of present study was to determine the effect of biofeedback training on electrical activity of trapezius muscles and range of motion in people with shoulder impingement syndrome.Martials and Methods: In this study, 20 patients with shoulder impingement syndrome in age range of 20-40 y were selected as the statistical sample and were divided into experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group trained by using EMG biofeedback for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The control group was applied only for pre-test and post-test measurements. For data collection, surface electromyography was used to analyze the muscle activity patterns of trapezius muscles (upper, middle, lower), and a goniometer was executed to evaluate the flexion. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to confirm the normality of the data and covariance analysis test was applied to compare pre-test and post-test. Correlated t-test was used to examine within-group changes.Results: In this study, after 8 weeks of biofeedback training in the experimental group, a significant improvement in the electrical activity of the middle trapezius (P=0.000) and lower trapezius muscles (P=0.016) was observed. In addition, a significant improvement in the amount of flexion range of motion (P=0.000) was indicated in the experimental group compared to the pretest and also the control group (P=0.05). However, no significant difference was shown in the muscle activity of the upper trapezius muscle (P=0.776).Conclusion: The present study showed that biofeedback training is effective to improve the electrical activity of trapezius muscle and flexion in people with SIS.}, keywords = {Biofeedback Training,Electrical Muscle Activity,range of motion,Shoulder Impingement Syndrome}, url = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86131.html}, eprint = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86131_0644def08fc3b32e3a8f5fd404c234a7.pdf} } @article { author = {Nouri, Zahra and Daneshmandi, Hasan and hosseini, seyyed hossein}, title = {A comparative study of musculoskeletal imbalances in professional musicians}, journal = {Sport Sciences and Health Research}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {135-144}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran Press}, issn = {2981-0205}, eissn = {2981-0205}, doi = {10.22059/sshr.2020.86132}, abstract = {Introduction: Playing the instrument in different groups of society is increasing day by day. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay attention to musculoskeletal imbalances and their problems in musicians.Martials and Methods: Ninety instrumentalists, including 26 wood wind players (age: 28.46±4.62 year, BMI: 26.59±2.11), 37 string players (age: 28.18±7 year, BMI: 24.92±3.60), and 27 percussionists (age: 31.88±6.6 years, BMI: 24.95±3.32) were selected to participate in this study. Upper and lower extremities were assessed. For statistical analysis ANOVA, Scheffe and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were performed in SPSS version 16 with a significance level of 0.05.Results: The results of this study did not show significant differences between the degree of musculoskeletal imbalances of kyphosis and lordosis between the study groups (P˃0.05). Results in musculoskeletal imbalances of scoliosis (sig= 0.001), forward head (sig= 0.001), uneven shoulder (sig= 0.001), torticollis (sig= 0.001), scapular dyskinesia (sig= 0.006) were showed the significant differences between the groups (P˂0.05).Conclusion: According to the results, some musculoskeletal imbalances in the group of wood wind instrumentalists showed a higher intensity and prevalence. These variabilities between different groups of musicians indicate different physical and postural needs to play different instruments.}, keywords = {Epidemiology,Musculoskeletal Imbalances,Musicians}, url = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86132.html}, eprint = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86132_c3547ca877999a376728629547d51f0c.pdf} } @article { author = {Kiani, Mohammad saeid and Nazari, Leila}, title = {Investigating the relationship between group and individual competition anxiety and its relationship with perfectionism}, journal = {Sport Sciences and Health Research}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {145-157}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran Press}, issn = {2981-0205}, eissn = {2981-0205}, doi = {10.22059/sshr.2020.86133}, abstract = {Introduction: The study investigated the relationship between perfectionism and competitive anxiety of group and individual athletes.Martials and Methods: Four hundred individual athletes who according to the coaches were able to participate in competitions were selected by stratified random sampling (50% group and 50% individual). Questionnaire of demographic characteristics, perfectionism scale in athletes, Dan et al. (2005) and also the Martens competitive anxiety scale questionnaire completed by Wiley et al.Results: The correlation results showed that in group athletes, there was a positive and significant correlation between excessive worry about mistakes with competitive anxiety (r = 0.19), a positive and significant correlation between perceived coach pressure and competitive anxiety (r= 0.24). r) And a positive and significant correlation between perfectionism and competitive anxiety (r= 0.26). But there was no significant correlation between personal standards and perceived parental pressure with competitive anxiety. Also, the correlation results showed that in individual athletes, there was a positive correlation between personal standards and competitive anxiety (r= 0.22), excessive concern about mistakes with competitive anxiety positive, significant correlation (r= 0.17), positive and significant correlation between perceived coach pressure with competitive anxiety (r= 0.205) and positive and significant correlation between perfectionism with competitive anxiety (r= 0.21). But there was no significant correlation between perceived parental pressure and competitive anxiety.Conclusion: Results of multivariate regression showed that in group athletes, coach variables of perceived pressure and excessive worry about mistakes are the strongest variables for predicting competitive anxiety in group athletes, respectively. Also, the results of multivariate regression showed that in individual athletes, the variables of personal standards, perceived coach pressure and excessive worry about mistakes are the strongest variables to predict competitive anxiety in individual athletes (P<0.05).}, keywords = {Perfectionism,Competitive urgency,athletes,Individual Sports,Group sports}, url = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86133.html}, eprint = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86133_676ec200ac532681abf7937eebc8c1d7.pdf} } @article { author = {Naserpour, Hamidreza and Shirzad, Elham and Khaleghi Tazji, Mehdi and Letafatkar, Amir}, title = {The comparison of selected kinetic factors during a cross-cutting maneuver in soccer players with athletics groin pain and healthy ones: Implications for injury prevention}, journal = {Sport Sciences and Health Research}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {159-168}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran Press}, issn = {2981-0205}, eissn = {2981-0205}, doi = {10.22059/sshr.2020.86134}, abstract = {Introduction: This study aimed to compare selected kinetic factors during a cross-cutting maneuver in soccer players with athletics groin pain (AGP) and healthy ones.Martials and Methods: Twenty-eight soccer players (healthy group (n=14) and AGP group (n=14)) who take part in the first and second division league took part in this study. A force plate at 1000 Hz sampling rate was used to evaluate the ground reaction force, rate of force development, vertical impulse and symmetry index during the cross-cutting maneuver. The MATLAB and ORIGIN PRO software were used to filter and process the force plate data. The independent sample t-test was used to compare healthy groups and AGP results.Results: The results showed the significant differences in the peak of ground reaction force (P=0.023), symmetry index (P=0.01), and rate of force development (P=0.031) in the medial-lateral direction of the dominant limb in a group with AGP. The peak of the vertical ground reaction force of the non-dominant limb was significantly higher in the AGP group (P=0.004).Conclusion: It seems that groin pain may change the kinetic profile, which puts the athletes at the potential risk of overuse injuries in the lower extremity. It is also recommended to utilize the output of the current study as an index for back to sports index, and the rehabilitation progress should be continued to reduce symptoms and recurrence of injury up to the proper symmetry.}, keywords = {Athletic Groin Pain (AGP),kinetic,cutting maneuver,Ground Reaction Force (GRF),Rate of Force Developments (RFD),Impulse}, url = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86134.html}, eprint = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86134_035878f1709d1a4f7d1896964f7d3b93.pdf} } @article { author = {kazeminasab, Alireza and Aminzadeh, Reza and Mohammad Rahimi, Nasser}, title = {Investigating the predictive role of psychological factors in the incidence of sports injuries (musculoskeletal) of elite male volleyball players}, journal = {Sport Sciences and Health Research}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {169-177}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran Press}, issn = {2981-0205}, eissn = {2981-0205}, doi = {10.22059/sshr.2020.86135}, abstract = {Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of psychological factors in the incidence of sports injuries (musculoskeletal) of elite male volleyball players.Martials and Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational research study design. The study was conducted with 150 elite male volleyball players in the Premier League of Khorasan Razavi province in 2020. In order to collect data, three standard questionnaires including Sports Injuries Questionnaire (Esmaeili, 2014), Personality Traits Questionnaire [18], and Competitive State Anxiety Questionnaire (CSAI-2) Rainer and Martens (1990) were used. In order to analyze the data in this study, SPSS software version 23 was used.Results: The results show that competitive anxiety can explain sports injuries (musculoskeletal) in the first model. In the second model, when the somatic anxiety variable is added, competitive anxiety and somatic anxiety variables can explain sports injuries. In the final model, the factors of competitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, self-confidence, risk-taking, excitement, and aggression can explain sports injuries.Conclusion: It can be said that psychological factors play a role in the incidence of sports injuries (skeletal-muscular) of elite male volleyball players.}, keywords = {Competitive Anxiety,Somatic anxiety,Risk-taking,excitement,Aggression}, url = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86135.html}, eprint = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86135_a7a4fdbe2f0eb9e63512d7864ec8824a.pdf} } @article { author = {Rahimi, Azadeh and Minoonejad, Hooman and Rajabi, Reza}, title = {The effect of tactile feedback along with corrective exercises on the degree of thoracic kyphosis in hyperkyphosis individuals}, journal = {Sport Sciences and Health Research}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {179-187}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran Press}, issn = {2981-0205}, eissn = {2981-0205}, doi = {10.22059/sshr.2020.86129}, abstract = {Introduction: The musculoskeletal and support systems and biomechanical factors lead to tissue adaptations in the skeletal, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, resulting in changes in the movement pattern. This study aimed to investigate the effect of tactile feedback along with corrective exercises on the degree of thoracic kyphosis in people with hyperkyphosis.Methods: Twenty patients with postural kyphosis greater than 42 were selected voluntarily and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the pretest and post test, the degree of kyphosis of both groups was measured using a flexible ruler. In the intervention phase, both groups performed corrective exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and each session for 30 to 45 min. The experimental group received tactile feedback, but the control group did not receive any feedback.Results: The results of the 2-factor analysis of variance showed that tactile feedback along with corrective exercises (D= -12%) compared to corrective exercises (D= -8%) led to a reduction in kyphosis in people with Hyperkyphosis (P= 0.018).Conclusion: It seems that tactile feedback with changes in sensory inputs can be an effective complement to corrective exercises to reduce the degree of kyphosis.}, keywords = {tactile feedback,exercise,Hyperkyphosis,locomotor system}, url = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86129.html}, eprint = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86129_737aa27e0401027921304bba2a4168c6.pdf} } @article { author = {Keshtpour, zahra and Soleyman Fallah, Mohammad Ali}, title = {The effect of lying on the stomach on the spine angles of 13-18-year-old students in Karaj}, journal = {Sport Sciences and Health Research}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {189-196}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran Press}, issn = {2981-0205}, eissn = {2981-0205}, doi = {10.22059/sshr.2020.86136}, abstract = {Introduction: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of lying on the stomach on the spine angles of 13-18-year-old students in Karaj.Martials and Methods: This study was quasi-experimental and comparative conducted by field method. For this purpose, 105 13-18-year-old students of girls' schools in District 3 of Karaj during the academic year 2020-2021, who were accustomed to lying on the stomachs, randomly participated in the study by convenience sampling method and based on the number of study hours per day, less than 1 h, between 1 and 2 h and more than 2 h placed in three groups. Research variables including angles of forward head, unequal shoulder, lumbar lordosis, dorsal kyphosis and scoliosis were assessed using standard tests with high validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test at the significance level of 0.05.Results: A significant difference was between lumbar lordosis and forward head angle abnormalities among students who were less than 1 h and more than 2 h accustomed to lying on their stomachs (P<0.05). But this difference was not significant for variables of uneven (dropped) shoulder, dorsal kyphosis and scoliosis (P<0.05). The students who studied for more than 2 h a day while lying on their stomachs had abnormalities of lumbar lordosis and forward head angle.Conclusion: Lumbar and prefrontal lordosis abnormalities are common in students who study lying on their stomachs and repeat the condition for at least 2 h a day.}, keywords = {Lying on the stomach,Forward Head,uneven shoulder,Lumbar lordosis,dorsal kyphosis,scoliosis}, url = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86136.html}, eprint = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86136_f710589801d4ef0179103d4e93358d02.pdf} } @article { author = {Hashemi, Ayoub and Rostami, Robabeh and Hadianfard, Habib}, title = {The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and physical exercise on locomotor movement skill of children with developmental coordination disorder}, journal = {Sport Sciences and Health Research}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {197-205}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran Press}, issn = {2981-0205}, eissn = {2981-0205}, doi = {10.22059/sshr.2020.86137}, abstract = {Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and physical exercise on locomotor movement skill of children with developmental coordination disorder.Martials and Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-posttest design with a control group. Eighty boys aged 6-10 years (mean age: 8.68±1.2) were selected from primary school students in Shiraz using multi-stage cluster sampling method and were randomly divided into three experimental (TDCS, Physical exercises and Combined group) and control groups. Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ7), Raven Intelligence Test and Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) were used to screen children. The Ulrich Gross Motor Skills Development Test (TGMD-2) was used to assess locomotor movement skills. Experimental groups performed the interventions for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week and 45 min per session). Paired t-test and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data.Results: The results showed that the locomotor movement skill score in the groups of cognitive rehabilitation, physical exercise and combined intervention from the pre-test to post-test stages increased significantly (P<0.05). While in the control group no significant difference was observed (P>0.05). The results also showed that locomotor movement skill in the combined groups and physical exercise in the post-test were significantly higher than the cognitive rehabilitation and control groups (P<005).Conclusion: Concomitant use of cognitive rehabilitation-related interventions with physical exercise is more effective in improving locomotor movement skill in children with developmental coordination disorders.}, keywords = {cognitive rehabilitation,Physical Exercise,Fundamental Skills,locomotor movement skill,Developmental Coordination Disorder}, url = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86137.html}, eprint = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86137_f70290fca4ef70b77eb69773e48aed22.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammadzadeh, Mostafa and Sheikh, Mahmoud and Hominian Sharif Abadi, Davood}, title = {Development of norm for Adolescent Physical Literacy Questionnaire (APLQ) in Tehran}, journal = {Sport Sciences and Health Research}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {207-216}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran Press}, issn = {2981-0205}, eissn = {2981-0205}, doi = {10.22059/sshr.2020.86139}, abstract = {Introduction: Adolescents' physical literacy and physical activity influences their lifestyle behaviors and health-related readiness into adulthood. Lack of information about the state of physical literacy has led researchers to examine the state of physical literacy in adolescents in Tehran.Martials and Methods: The method of the present study was descriptive and performed in the 12-18 years adolescent in Tehran. The sample were 836 adolescents who selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from different areas of the Tehran. Inclusion criteria included having physical health, not having certain diseases and movement problems or regular drug use. Subjects' physical literacy was assessed using the adolescents' physical literacy questionnaire (APLQ). This questionnaire with three dimensions examines adolescents' physical literacy and has an internal consistency coefficient (0.951) and retest reliability (0.981).Results: The total mean scores of physical literacies in adolescents were 90.04 ± 17.12 and the desired norm was determined with a standard deviation of high and low (107.16-72.94). However, the mean scores for girls were about 85 and for boys 92, which shows a difference between the sexes and high ages.Conclusion: The results showed that adolescents' physical literacy scores in all dimensions increase with age; Also, the scores were higher in boys than girls in all dimensions. Similar results have been reported for differences in gender and age in the Physical Literacy of Canadian children [12]. The norm presented in this study can be a basis for measuring and comparing the levels of physical literacy of adolescents in Tehran.}, keywords = {Physical literacy,Active Lifestyle,norm,Adolescents}, url = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86139.html}, eprint = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86139_f7f8cd87c99fb8f52f6304f3d2ea683e.pdf} } @article { author = {Ferasat, Rasool and Sadeghi, Heydar}, title = {The effect of the body type on the electrical activity of the abdominal muscles during gait}, journal = {Sport Sciences and Health Research}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {227-233}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran Press}, issn = {2981-0205}, eissn = {2981-0205}, doi = {10.22059/sshr.2020.86140}, abstract = {Introduction: Muscle performance could be influenced by physical features of the body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the body type on the electrical activity of the abdominal muscles during gait.Martials and Methods: Heath Carter somatotype method was used to determine body type. The performance of rectus abdominis muscle (RA), internal oblique muscle (IO) and external oblique muscle (EO) were recorded. The mean and the standard deviation were used for description of the data and ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey were utilized for comparison between three body types at the significance level of P<0.05.Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference in the root mean square (RMS) of EO and IO and the average percentage of that is higher in ENDO in comparison with the other two types. Also, the duration of electrical activity (DEA) was only significant for the IO between the endomorphs (ENDO), the mesomorphs (MESO) and the ectomorphs (ECTO) and its mean was higher for the ENDO.Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, we could claim that the difference in the performance pattern of the muscles in the abdominal area during gait is influenced by body type.}, keywords = {body type,abdominal muscles,muscle activity,gait}, url = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86140.html}, eprint = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86140_d2cab7bfcb55b0189510c6a181afded7.pdf} } @article { author = {Fatahi, Ali and molaviaan, Rozhin}, title = {Comparison of kinematics and kinetics symmetry of lower limbs during running}, journal = {Sport Sciences and Health Research}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {217-225}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran Press}, issn = {2981-0205}, eissn = {2981-0205}, doi = {10.22059/sshr.2020.86142}, abstract = {Introduction: Symmetry and asymmetry of the limbs’ movement pattern during running is introduced as one of the main critical challenges of human locomotion. The aim of this study was to investigate kinematics and kinetics symmetry of lower limbs during running at a constant speed.Martials and Methods: The present study was conducted as a quasi-experimental study. Elite runner (age: 34.75±6.63 years) participated in this study. Running at constant speed was conducted by each subject at 2/5 m.s-1 on treadmill while kinematic (Raptor-4 motion analysis) and kinetic data (Force plate, Bertec) were captured at 150 Hz and 300 Hz, respectively. The internal joint moments in sagittal plane were represented in the joint-coordinate system and were calculated using a standard inverse-dynamics approach and were normalized by the subject’s body mass as well as running cycle over 101 time points. The normality and homogeneity of variances assumptions of the dependent variables was tested using Bartlett and Leven’s test. Independent t-tests were conducted to examine the symmetry of hip, knee and ankle moments between dominant and non-dominant joints during stance phase of running (P<0.05).Results: Results of the present study showed no significant difference exists between dominant and non-dominant lower joints regarding the peak moments of hip, knee and ankle in sagittal plane during stance phase (P>0.05) as well as between peak flexion angle of dominant and non-dominant hip, knee and ankle joints during running.Conclusion: Symmetry exists in lower joints sagittal moments and flexion angle during running at the constant speed. According to the results dominant and non- dominant lower joints play propulsive and absorbent roles cooperatively.}, keywords = {Running,Symmetry,joint’s moment,biomechanics}, url = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86142.html}, eprint = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86142_a0d947a0c5340121c89e935e409bd112.pdf} } @article { author = {Khazaei, Mohammad and Khabiri, Mohammad and Mohseni Tabrizi, Alireza}, title = {Qualitative study of effective biomedical factors in tendency of retired elite wrestlers to drug abuse; A grounded theory study}, journal = {Sport Sciences and Health Research}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {135-144}, year = {2020}, publisher = {University of Tehran Press}, issn = {2981-0205}, eissn = {2981-0205}, doi = {10.22059/sshr.2020.86144}, abstract = {Introduction: Retirement is one of the difficult events. Athletes should adapt to the difficult experiences and heighten a sense of worth. Drug abuse as a negative coping behavior is a painful reaction to retirement. The aim is to identify the factors influencing the tendency of retired elite wrestlers to drug abuse. With a biomedical approach, this phenomenon was investigated.Materials and Methods: Using the method of contextual theory and semi-structured in-depth qualitative interview technique, factors influencing the tendency of retired elite wrestlers to drug abuse were studied. The data analysis method was coding, done in three stages of open, selective and axial coding. The data are in a paradigm model.Results: Factors such as sexual needs, strenuous exercise and injury were taken as causal conditions; physical pain was taken as a mediating condition; and retirement age and first experience of drug abuse were taken as an intervening condition and physiological need and doping as contextual conditions. These factors created a paradigm model. Athletes' strategies for drug abuse are: leisure purposes, wider variety of drugs, continuity of drug use and finally compulsive drug use.Conclusion: The consequences of drug abuse were initially pleasant and positive, but with continued drug use, it had harmful consequences physically, psychologically and socially.}, keywords = {Retired Elite Wrestlers,Drug Abuse,Grounded theory,Biomedical Approaches}, url = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86144.html}, eprint = {https://sshr.ut.ac.ir/article_86144_80e4d72b54646c6791b3d483e371abe5.pdf} }