University of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02053120110321Injury Profile of Iranian Professional Male and Female Karate Playersنیمرخ آسیبهای مردان و زنان کاراتهکای حرفهای ایران213724180ENNaderRahnama0000-0002-0443-4303EfatBambaeichiAliBagher NazarianMohammadrezaBatavaniHamidrezaSadeghipourJournal Article19700101The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, type and mechanism of
injuries in Iranian professional male and female karate players. 140 karate players
including 101 men (Mean+SD, age: 217+3.2 years, height: 176.9±6.4 cm, weight:
69.4±8.9 kg) and 39 women (Mean+SD, age 21.7±3.2 years, height: 164.4±6.8cm,
weight: 55.6±6.2 kg) who participated in karate premier league competitions
participated in this study. An injury form was used to collect data. Variables such
as incidence, area, causes and mechanisms of injuries were considered and
recorded after competitions. Chi square and descriptive statistics were used to
analyze data. The results of this study showed that in 170 team competitions (1436
individual competitions), 326 injuries occurred (men 244 and women 82 injuries).
The incidence of injury in men was 8.2 injuries/100 minutes of competition while it
was 13.4 injuries/100 minutes of competition. Men had more injuries at their upper
extremities than lower extremities (158 vs. 86), (?2 = 21.24, P<0.05) and this
difference was statistically significant. Women had more injuries at their lower
extremities (43 vs. 39), (?2 = 1.9, P>0.05). Ankle was the most common injured
area for men (86 cases) (?2 = 26, P<0.05) and women (43 cases) (?2 = 2.1,
P>0.05). Contusion was the most common injury for both sexes (39 and 14 injuries
respectively). Opponents’ mistake was the main cause of injuries for both men and
women (?2 = 15, p<0.05, ?2 = 2.2, p>0.05). In can be concluded that if coaches
pay more attention to technique instructions, team physicians and physiotherapists
perfectly rehabilitate injured players and referees punish those players who use
wrong techniques, injuries drastically will decrease in all players.University of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02053120110321Electromyography of Fatigue of Back and Hip Muscles in Athletes with Chronic Low Back Painمطالعۀ الکترومایوگرافی خستگیپذیری عضلات کمر و ران در ورزشکاران مبتلا به کمردرد395424181ENMasoudKhorsandi KolurAliasgherNorastehHasanDaneshmandi0000000311540531Journal Article19700101In this study, two groups of athletes with chronic low back pain (n=15, mean
age 24.06 yr) and healthy athletes (n=15, mean age 24.06 yr) of wrestling and
soccer participated in this study. The endurance duration was shorter (P<0.05)
and MF slope was higher in CLBP athletes which showed more fatigue compared
to the healthy subjects. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive
correlation between BMI and endurance duration in CLBP athletes (r = 0.61).
Body mass and BMI correlated positively with MF slope of erector spinae muscles
(r = 0.62 – 0.76) in both groups. It is suggested that athletes pay more attention to
improving the endurance of back and hip extensor muscles and lose weight as a
useful strategy to prevent chronic low back pain.University of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02053120110321Injury Profile of Iranian Male Triathlon Athletesنیمرخ آسیب های سه گانه کاران مرد ایران557124182ENNaderRahnama0000-0002-0443-4303EfatBambaeichiJournal Article19700101Triathlon is a popular sport that combines swimming, cycling and running into
a single event and during these competitions there are many risk factors that can
cause injury in athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics
of injuries in triathlon athletes. Data about injuries (over a span of one year) in 60
professional triathlon athletes was collected using injuries report form. Chi-Square
was used to analyze the data. Totally, 123 injuries (2 injuries per triathlon athlete
per year) were reported. Most of the injuries were located in the lower extremities
(78%) compared to upper extremities (22%) (P<0.05). Shin (28%), shoulder
(22%), knee (21%) and ankle (11%) were the most common areas of injury
(P<0.05, ?2 = 42.67). The most common injuries were shin splints (26%) followed
by shoulder pain (22%), knee pain (15%) and abrasions and contusions (14%)
(P<0.05, ?2 = 13.43). Overuse (30%) was the most important reason for injuries
(P<0.05, ?2 = 35.95) followed by the change of running place (19%), unsuitable
shoes (15%), and inadequate warm-up (13%). Non-collision injuries (83%) were
significantly higher than collision injuries (17%) (P<0.05, ?2 = 53.34). Injury
during practice (76%) happened more than during competition (24%) (P<0.05, ?2
= 32.26). Injuries that occurred in running (51%) were more than those in cycling
(27%) and swimming (22%) (P<0.05, ?2 = 18.14). Minor injuries (85%) were
significantly higher than severe injuries (15%) (P<0.05, ?2 = 61.53). Most injures
occurred on the right side of the body (64%) (P<0.05, ?2 = 9.95). It can be
concluded that most injuries occurred in lower extremities, especially during
running; shin and shoulder were more prone to injury in triathlon athletes and
overuse was main reason for injuries. It is suggested that team physicians,
bodybuilders, athletes and coaches pay attention to the above facts in preventive
programs.University of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02053120110321The Study of Anthropometric Predictor Parameters of Spine Alignment in Athletesمطالعه پارامترهای آنتروپومتریکی پیش بین راستای ستون فقرات ورزشکاران738924183ENHosseinShahrokhiHasanDaneshmandi0000000311540531AliakbarHashemi JavaheriJournal Article19700101The purpose of this study was to investigate anatomical alignment of spine in
relation to anthropometric parameters in athletes. 20 healthy athletes (mean age
22.25±1.88 yr, height 182.78±5.49 cm, weight 75.35±3.19 kg and athletic
experience 9.38±3.77 yr) and 20 healthy non-athletes (mean age 22.80±2.01 yr,
height 179.35±6.25 cm, weight 71.10±2.30 kg) randomly participated in this study
voluntarily. Variables including sitting height, spinal length, arm span, biacromial
breadth, biiliac breadth, chest width and depth, acromial distance were measured
by anthropometric instruments and kyphosis and lordosis were measured by spinal
mouse. The results showed a significant difference in kyphosis and lordosis
between athletes and non-athletes (p?0.05). There was also a significant
relationship between sitting length, spinal length, arm span, acromial distance with
Kyphosis and between sitting length and spinal length with lordosis (p?0.05). The
results of regression test showed that arm span and spinal length were the best
predictors of kyphosis and lordosis respectively. It was concluded that those
athletes who due to some anthropometric indices are more susceptible to some
postural abnormalities, especially kyphosis and lordosis, should be recognized and
treatedUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02053120110321The Comparison of Thoracic Kyphosis and Position ofScapula between National Freestyle and Greco – Roman Wrestlers and Non – Athletesمقایسۀ کایفوز سینه ای و وضعیت قرارگیری استخوان کتف کشتی گیران آزادکار و فرنگی کار سطح ملی با غیرورزشکاران9110724184ENMaryamGhamariRezaRajabi0000-0002-0464-5688AliAkbarnejadHoomanMinoonejad0000-0002-5983-8102Journal Article19700101This research aimed to compare thoracic kyphosis, scapula position and the
strength of retractor and protractor muscles in two groups of national Greco –
Roman and freestyle wrestlers and a group of non – athletes. For this purpose, 63
individuals (21 freestyle, 21 Greco – Roman style, 21 non – athletes, mean age
24±1.8 yr, height 173±7.74 cm and weight 77±19.63 kg) participated in this study.
A flexible ruler was used to measure thoracic kyphosis (validity 0.91 in comparison
with X-ray) and a measuring tape was used to measure the distance between
inferior angles of scapulas (Kibler's method in standing position) and to measure
the strength of the muscles, technogym devices were applied (by 1RM measurement
in sitting position). To compare the thoracic kyphosis and the scapula position
among three groups, one-way ANOVA was applied. To compare the strength of the
retractor and protractor muscles between freestyle and Greco – Roman wrestlers,
independent t test was used. The results indicated that thoracic kyphosis (43.53
degrees) and the distance of scapulas (21.98 cm) were significantly higher in
freestyle wrestlers in comparison with the Greco – Roman wrestlers (kyphosis
36.38 degrees, distance of scapulas 18.21 cm) and non – athletes (kyphosis 37.44
degrees, distance of scapulas 18.90 cm) (P<0.05). Also, the retractor muscles were
significantly stronger in the Greco – Roman wrestlers (111.21 kg) in comparison
with the freestyle wrestlers (92.64 kg) (P<0.05). The results indicated that specific
exercises performed in freestyle wrestling can affect the posture of athletes and
increase their thoracic kyphosis and distance of scapulas and decrease strength of
retractors. Therefore, coaches and team physicians are highly recommended to
consider any abnormal increase in thoracic kyphosis in freestyle wrestlers and
perform the necessary correction or preventive actions if this deformity is
observedUniversity of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02053120110321The Role of Pregnancy in Postural Control and Standing
Postural Orientation: a Comparison between Before and
After Delivery and Non – Pregnant Subjectsنقش بارداری در مهارت کنترل پوسچر و تغییر وضعیت قامت ایستاده:
مقایسة قبل و بعد از زایمان با افراد غیرباردار10912424185ENNaderFarahpourMarjanAdel GhahramanNahidBijheAhmadEbrahimi AtriJournal Article19700101Falling is common in pregnant women. Ability of accurate postural control and
orientation is important to prevent falling. The aim of this study was to assess and
postural control and orientation during different stages of pregnancy and after
delivery. Three groups (13 subjects in each group, age range 20-28 years)
including non – pregnant women (I), pregnant women in their first three months of
pregnancy (II) and those in their last month of pregnancy (III) were studied.
Postural control and orientation were assessed using BIODEX stability platform.
In group (III), all measurements were repeated after the delivery. MANOVA and
ANOVA with repeated measures were used to analyze the data (?=0.05). Results
showed that group (I) with 53.07+8.17 score obtained the highest postural control
and group (III) with 31.8+14.7 score significantly showed the lowest postural
control. There was no significant difference in back, left and right orientation
between the last month of pregnancy and after delivery while a significant decrease
in other orientations was observed. After delivery, postural orientation increased
to 25% (P=0.001). This study suggested that pregnancy-related physical changes
are associated with poor postural orientation. However, it is not clear if this
deficiency is due to the muscle weakness or proprioceptive deficits. Although
postural orientation improved after delivery, it was still lower than normal
subjects. Postpartum postural rehabilitation is recommended during pregnancy
and after delivery.University of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02053120110321The Relationship between Prevalence of Injuries and Mental
Preparation of Male and Female Athletes Participating in
10th National University Sport Olympiadرابطه بین میزان شیوع آسیب های ورزشی و آمادگی روانی دانشجویان دختر و پسر در دهمین المپیاد ورزشی دانشجویان کشور12514424186ENMehdiShahbazi0000-0002-0628-3166AmirVazini TaherMaysamRahimizadehJournal Article19700101The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mental preparation of
athletes participating in 10th University Sport Olympiad on the prevalence of sport
injuries. For this purpose, 375 athletes in two groups of girls (n=178) and boys
(n=197) participated in this study. Participants were selected from seven sport
fields which were divided into team sports and individual sports. Data were
collected by sport injuries report form and Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool
(OMSAT-3). Descriptive statistics (such as mean and standard deviation) and
Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data at %95 significance
level. The results showed that most injuries occurred in lower extremities of the
girls while most injuries occurred in upper extremities of the boys. Moreover, girls
and boys were not significantly different in the three subscales of mental skills. The
results showed a reverse and significant relationship between cognitive skills and
occurrence of injuries in female athletes’ lower extremities (r=0.015). Also, there
was a reverse and significant relationship between cognitive skills and occurrence
of injuries in bones and joints (r=0.003 and r=0.046). There was no significant
relationship between mental skills and occurrence of injuries in male athletes. In
summary, findings of this study demonstrated that high levels of cognitive skills
(such as competition planning) help athletes to more easily deal with different
sport occasions. This can play an important role in decreasing the occurrence of
sport injuries. Therefore, coaches and specialists in youth sport are recommended
to improve cognitive skills in young athletes so that sport injuries can decrease.
Overall, findings of this study supported different aspects of injury- stress model.University of Tehran PressSport Sciences and Health Research2981-02053120110321The Comparison of Dynamic Balance in Males with Different
Foot Typesمقایسۀ تعادل پویا در مردان دارای کف پای متفاوت52024187ENVahidGhasemiRezaRajabi0000-0002-0464-5688MohammadhoseinAlizadeh0000-0003-1507-6502KomailDashti RostamiJournal Article19700101The aim of this study was to compare the dynamic balance in men with different
foot types. A sample of 90 male students from University of Tehran including 30
subjects with normal foot type (mean height: 176.6±6.2 cm, mean weight:
72.8±10.2 kh, mean age 25.3±1.4 yr), 30 subjects with flat foot (mean height:
177.2±7 cm, mean weight: 73.5±11.1 kg, mean age: 25.1±1.4 yr), and 30 subjects
with pes cavus (mean height: 174.5±6.3 cm, mean weight: 69.3±11.3 kg, mean age:
25.6±1.7 yr) participated in this study. To determine the foot anatomic type,
navicular drop test was used. To assess subjects’ balance, SEBT was used. To
analyze the research data, MANOVA test was applied. The results showed a
significance difference in SEBT performance among groups. Linear coefficients
showed that medial and posterolateral reaches played a greater role in
differentiating the groups. Specifically, medial reach significantly played a role in
differentiating flat foot group and posterolateral reach in differentiating pes cavus
group from other groups. As those with pes cavus apply more pressure on lateral
margin of their foot, it seems that the stability domain is larger in lateral margin
while the reverse is true about those with flat foot. As a whole, it can be concluded
that foot anatomical characteristics influence dynamic balance.