The effect of neuromuscular training on kinetic variables in male athletes with trunk control defects

Moradi, Behnam; Letafatkar, Amir; Hadadnezhad, Malihe; Hosseinzadeh, Mahdi; Khaleghi, Mahdi

doi:10.22059/sshr.2024.363547.1102

The effect of neuromuscular training on kinetic variables in male athletes with trunk control defects

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Department of Sports Injure and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

² Associate Professor of Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

³ Assistant Professor of Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Research Institute of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁴ Associate Professor of Sports biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

10.22059/sshr.2024.363547.1102

Abstract

Background: Trunk control defect is one of the neuromuscular defects that can cause sports-related injuries in athletes.
Aim: This research investigated whether neuromuscular training affects several kinetic parameters in male athletes who had trouble controlling their trunks during a change-of-direction movement.
Materials and Methods: The present study used a pre-test-post-test design and was conducted semi-experimentally. Purposefully chosen male athletes (n= 29) with trunk control defects were randomly divided into two groups: control (n= 14) and experiment (n= 15). A Kistler force plate was used to quantify kinetic variables. The exercises were performed for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week (30 min each session). To analyze the data, dependent t-test and analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 21 were used at the significance level of P<0.05.
Results: The findings indicated a significant decrease in the time to peak anterior-posterior force (P=0.010), time to peak mediolateral force (P=0.001), time to peak vertical force (P=0.003), and rate of loading (P=0.001) of the experimental group. The differences in all control group variables were insignificant, P>0.05.
Conclusion: Performing neuromuscular training is likely to improve the direction change mechanism and prevent injury in athletes with trunk control defects.

Keywords

References

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[24] Welinski ML, Lee LN, McBroom B, Mufarreh B, Gidley AD. “Ground reaction forces and temporal characteristics define cutting performance”. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2021; 14(1): 211. doi: https://doi.org/PMID: 34055139; PMCID: PMC8136564.

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[33] Rostami A, Letafatkar A, Gokeler A, Tazji MK. “The effects of instruction exercises on performance and kinetic factors associated with lower-extremity injury in landing after volleyball blocks”. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2020; 29(1): 51-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0163.

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[38] Mettler A, Chinn L, Saliba SA, McKeon PO, Hertel J. “Balance training and center-of-pressure location in participants with chronic ankle instability”. Journal of Athletic Training. 2015; 50(4): 343-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.94.

[39] Webster KA, Gribble PA. “Time to stabilization of anterior cruciate ligament–reconstructed versus healthy knees in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes”. Journal of Athletic Training. 2010; 45(6): 580-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.580.

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[42] Camacho A. The Effects of a Novel Core Stability Training Program on Neuromuscular Anterior Cruciate Ligament Risk Factors in Female Collegiate Soccer Players. California State University, Long Beach. 2019. doi: https://doi.org/1088323677, 9781088323670.

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The effect of neuromuscular training on kinetic variables in male athletes with trunk control defects

References

[1] Prodromos C, Joyce B, Shi K. “A meta-analysis of stability of autografts compared to allografts after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction”. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2007; 15: 851-6. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00167-007-0328-6.

[2] Ardern CL, Webster KE, Taylor NF, Feller JA. “Return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the state of play”. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011; 45(7): 596-606. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.076364.

[3] Kiapour AM, Murray MM. “The basic science of anterior cruciate ligament injury and repair”. Bone & Joint Research. 2014; 3(2): 20-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1302/2046 3758.32.2000241.

[5] Joseph AM, Collins CL, Henke NM, Yard EE, Fields SK, Comstock RD. “A multisport epidemiologic comparison of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in high school athletics”. Journal of Athletic Training. 2013; 48(6): 810-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.6.03.

[6] Boden BP, Sheehan FT, Torg JS, Hewett TE. “Non-contact ACL injuries: Mechanisms and risk factors”. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2010; 18(9): 520. doi: https://doi.org/10.5435/00124635-201009000-00003.

[7] Kubo T, Hoshikawa Y, Muramatsu M, Iida T, Komori S, Shibukawa K, Kanehisa H. “Contribution of trunk muscularity on sprint run”. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2010: 223-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1268502.

[8] Pollard CD, Sigward SM, Ota S, Langford K, Powers CM. “The influence of in-season injury prevention training on lower-extremity kinematics during landing in female soccer players”. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 2006; 16(3): 223-7.

[9] Hewett TE, Ford KR, Hoogenboom BJ, Myer GD. “Understanding and preventing ACL injuries: current biomechanical and epidemiologic considerations-update 2010”. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy: NAJSPT. 2010; 5(4): 234. doi: https://doi.org/PMID: 21655382; PMCID: PMC3096145.

[10] Madhavan S, Shields RK. “Movement accuracy changes muscle-activation strategies in female subjects during a novel single-leg weight-bearing task”. PM&R. 2009; 1(4): 319-28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.01.002.

[11] Chappell JD, Limpisvasti O. “Effect of a neuromuscular training program on the kinetics and kinematics of jumping tasks”. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2008; 36(6): 1081-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508314425.

[12] Robinson RL, Nee RJ. “Analysis of hip strength in females seeking physical therapy treatment for unilateral patellofemoral pain syndrome”. Journal of Orthopedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2007; 37(5): 232-8. doi: https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2007.2439.

[13] Brumitt J, Dale RB. “Functional rehabilitation exercise prescription for golfers”. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training. 2008; 13(2): 37-41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/att.13.2.37.

[14] Young WB, Dawson B, Henry GJ. “Agility and change-of-direction speed are independent skills: Implications for training for agility in invasion sports”. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching. 2015; 10(1): 159-69. doi: https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.10.1.159.

[15] Karcher C, Buchheit M. “On-court demands of elite handball, with special reference to playing positions”. Sports Medicine. 2014; 44: 797-814. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0164-z .

[16] Nimphius S, Callaghan SJ, Bezodis NE, Lockie RG. “Change of direction and agility tests: Challenging our current measures of performance”. Strength & Conditioning Journal. 2018; 40(1): 26-38. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000309.

[17] Brophy RH, Stepan JG, Silvers HJ, Mandelbaum BR. “Defending puts the anterior cruciate ligament at risk during soccer: a gender-based analysis”. Sports Health. 2015; 7(3): 244-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738114535184.

[18] Montgomery C, Blackburn J, Withers D, Tierney G, Moran C, Simms C. “Mechanisms of ACL injury in professional rugby union: a systematic video analysis of 36 cases”. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2018; 52(15): 994-1001. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096425.

[21] Mohammadi H, Ghaeeni S. “Prevalence of neuromuscular deficiencies associated with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury in healthy collegiate student-athletes”. Physical Treatments. 2019; 9(4): 193-202. http://dx.doi. org/10.32598/ptj.9.4.193.

[23] Hadadnezhad M, Rajabi R, Jamshidi AA, Shirzad E. “Effect of stabilization training on trunk muscle activation of females with trunk control deficit”. Studies in Sport Medicine. 2015; 7(17): 68-51. doi: https://doi.org/20.1001.1.23221658.1394.7.17.3.7.

[24] Welinski ML, Lee LN, McBroom B, Mufarreh B, Gidley AD. “Ground reaction forces and temporal characteristics define cutting performance”. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2021; 14(1): 211. doi: https://doi.org/PMID: 34055139; PMCID: PMC8136564.

[26] McKinney J, Velghe J, Fee J, Isserow S, Drezner JA. “Defining athletes and exercisers”. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2019; 123(3): 532-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.11.001.

[30] Hader K, Palazzi D, Buchheit M. “Change of direction speed in soccer: how much braking is enough?”. Kinesiology. 2015; 47(1): 67-74. doi: https://hrcak.srce.hr/140253.

[31] Myer GD, Ford KR, Hewett TE. “Tuck jump assessment for reducing anterior cruciate ligament injury risk”. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training. 2008; 13(5): 39-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/att.13.5.39.

[32] Letafatkar A, Rabiei P, Afshari M. “Effect of neuromuscular training augmented with knee valgus control instructions on lower limb biomechanics of male runners”. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2020; 43: 89-99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.02.009.

[33] Rostami A, Letafatkar A, Gokeler A, Tazji MK. “The effects of instruction exercises on performance and kinetic factors associated with lower-extremity injury in landing after volleyball blocks”. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2020; 29(1): 51-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0163.

[34] Mohamadpour F, Letafatkar A, Eftekhari F. “The effect of neuromuscular training on postural stability and performance of lower extremity in females with ligament dominance. Sport Medicine Studies. 2019; 10(24): 29-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.22089/smj.2018.4666.1268. [in Persian]

[35] Hewett TE, Ford KR, Xu YY, Khoury J, Myer GD. “Effectiveness of neuromuscular training based on the neuromuscular risk profile”. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2017; 45(9): 2142-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517700128.

[37] Sekir U, Yildiz Y, Hazneci B, Ors F, Aydin T. “Effect of isokinetic training on strength, functionality and proprioception in athletes with functional ankle instability”. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2007; 15: 654-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-006-0108-8.

[38] Mettler A, Chinn L, Saliba SA, McKeon PO, Hertel J. “Balance training and center-of-pressure location in participants with chronic ankle instability”. Journal of Athletic Training. 2015; 50(4): 343-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.94.

[39] Webster KA, Gribble PA. “Time to stabilization of anterior cruciate ligament–reconstructed versus healthy knees in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes”. Journal of Athletic Training. 2010; 45(6): 580-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.580.

[40] Webster KA, Gribble PA. “Functional rehabilitation interventions for chronic ankle instability: a systematic review”. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2010; 19(1): 98-114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.19.1.98.

[41] Lederman E. Neuromuscular Rehabilitation in Manual and Physical Therapy: Principles to Practice. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. 2016.

[42] Camacho A. The Effects of a Novel Core Stability Training Program on Neuromuscular Anterior Cruciate Ligament Risk Factors in Female Collegiate Soccer Players. California State University, Long Beach. 2019. doi: https://doi.org/1088323677, 9781088323670.

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The effect of neuromuscular training on kinetic variables in male athletes with trunk control defects

References

[1] Prodromos C, Joyce B, Shi K. “A meta-analysis of stability of autografts compared to allografts after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction”. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2007; 15: 851-6. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00167-007-0328-6.

[2] Ardern CL, Webster KE, Taylor NF, Feller JA. “Return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the state of play”. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011; 45(7): 596-606. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.076364.

[3] Kiapour AM, Murray MM. “The basic science of anterior cruciate ligament injury and repair”. Bone & Joint Research. 2014; 3(2): 20-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1302/2046 3758.32.2000241.

[5] Joseph AM, Collins CL, Henke NM, Yard EE, Fields SK, Comstock RD. “A multisport epidemiologic comparison of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in high school athletics”. Journal of Athletic Training. 2013; 48(6): 810-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.6.03.

[6] Boden BP, Sheehan FT, Torg JS, Hewett TE. “Non-contact ACL injuries: Mechanisms and risk factors”. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2010; 18(9): 520. doi: https://doi.org/10.5435/00124635-201009000-00003.

[7] Kubo T, Hoshikawa Y, Muramatsu M, Iida T, Komori S, Shibukawa K, Kanehisa H. “Contribution of trunk muscularity on sprint run”. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2010: 223-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1268502.

[8] Pollard CD, Sigward SM, Ota S, Langford K, Powers CM. “The influence of in-season injury prevention training on lower-extremity kinematics during landing in female soccer players”. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 2006; 16(3): 223-7.

[9] Hewett TE, Ford KR, Hoogenboom BJ, Myer GD. “Understanding and preventing ACL injuries: current biomechanical and epidemiologic considerations-update 2010”. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy: NAJSPT. 2010; 5(4): 234. doi: https://doi.org/PMID: 21655382; PMCID: PMC3096145.

[10] Madhavan S, Shields RK. “Movement accuracy changes muscle-activation strategies in female subjects during a novel single-leg weight-bearing task”. PM&R. 2009; 1(4): 319-28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.01.002.

[11] Chappell JD, Limpisvasti O. “Effect of a neuromuscular training program on the kinetics and kinematics of jumping tasks”. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2008; 36(6): 1081-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508314425.

[12] Robinson RL, Nee RJ. “Analysis of hip strength in females seeking physical therapy treatment for unilateral patellofemoral pain syndrome”. Journal of Orthopedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2007; 37(5): 232-8. doi: https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2007.2439.

[13] Brumitt J, Dale RB. “Functional rehabilitation exercise prescription for golfers”. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training. 2008; 13(2): 37-41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/att.13.2.37.

[14] Young WB, Dawson B, Henry GJ. “Agility and change-of-direction speed are independent skills: Implications for training for agility in invasion sports”. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching. 2015; 10(1): 159-69. doi: https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.10.1.159.

[15] Karcher C, Buchheit M. “On-court demands of elite handball, with special reference to playing positions”. Sports Medicine. 2014; 44: 797-814. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0164-z .

[16] Nimphius S, Callaghan SJ, Bezodis NE, Lockie RG. “Change of direction and agility tests: Challenging our current measures of performance”. Strength & Conditioning Journal. 2018; 40(1): 26-38. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000309.

[17] Brophy RH, Stepan JG, Silvers HJ, Mandelbaum BR. “Defending puts the anterior cruciate ligament at risk during soccer: a gender-based analysis”. Sports Health. 2015; 7(3): 244-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738114535184.

[18] Montgomery C, Blackburn J, Withers D, Tierney G, Moran C, Simms C. “Mechanisms of ACL injury in professional rugby union: a systematic video analysis of 36 cases”. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2018; 52(15): 994-1001. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096425.

[21] Mohammadi H, Ghaeeni S. “Prevalence of neuromuscular deficiencies associated with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury in healthy collegiate student-athletes”. Physical Treatments. 2019; 9(4): 193-202. http://dx.doi. org/10.32598/ptj.9.4.193.

[23] Hadadnezhad M, Rajabi R, Jamshidi AA, Shirzad E. “Effect of stabilization training on trunk muscle activation of females with trunk control deficit”. Studies in Sport Medicine. 2015; 7(17): 68-51. doi: https://doi.org/20.1001.1.23221658.1394.7.17.3.7.

[24] Welinski ML, Lee LN, McBroom B, Mufarreh B, Gidley AD. “Ground reaction forces and temporal characteristics define cutting performance”. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2021; 14(1): 211. doi: https://doi.org/PMID: 34055139; PMCID: PMC8136564.

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Volume 15, Issue 1January 2023Pages 53-66

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Volume 15, Issue 1
January 2023
Pages 53-66