Acute hemodynamic, electrocardiographic, and hematological responses to high-velocity low intensity concentric and low-velocity high intensity eccentric resistance exercises in healthy young adults

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Exercise Physiology, University Campus, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 2- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

3 Department of Cardiology, Healthy Heart Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

Background: High-velocity low-intensity actions result in reduced hemodynamic responses. Additionally, eccentric actions are associated with reduced hemodynamic and metabolic responses.
Aim: This study aimed to investigate acute hemodynamic, hematological, and electrocardiographic responses to high-velocity low-intensity concentric resistance exercise (HVLICRE) and low-velocity high-intensity eccentric resistance exercise (LVHIERE) in healthy young adults.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 16 healthy young men were divided into two groups (HVLICRE: 40% 1RM, LVHIERE: 80% 1RM). The exercise protocol consisted of five sets of 10 repetitions, with 90 sec of rest between the sets and a two-second interval between actions. For data analysis, repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni's post hoc test were performed at a significance level of P≤0.05.
Results: LVHIERE led to greater RPE (P≤0.05), compared to HVLICRE. Also, LVHIERE was associated with a significant increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and a significant decrease in the parasympathetic nervous system as compared to HVLICRE (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: HVLICRE and LVHIERE produced similar effects on blood glucose, serum lactate, hematocrit, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. LVHIERE can be investigated as part of the strategy of rehabilitation programs in future studies.

Keywords

References

[1] Ratamess NAe. "Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults". Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2009; 41: 687-708.

[2] Lamotte M, Strulens G, Niset G, van de Borne P. "Influence of different resistive training modalities on blood pressure and heart rate responses of healthy subjects". Isokinetics and Exercise Science. 2005; 13: 273-7.

[3] Timon R, Olcina G, Tomas-Carus P, Muñoz D, Toribio F, Raimundo A, et al. "Urinary steroid profile after the completion of concentric and concentric/eccentric trials with the same total workload". J Physiol Biochem. 2009; 65(2): 105-12.

[4] Sedghi B, Kahrizi S, Zakeri H, Omidfar K, Rahmani M. "Evaluation of acute hormonal responses to concentric, eccentric and concentric-eccentric muscle actions in healthy young men". Physiology and Pharmacology. 2009; 13(2): 216-28.

[5] Overend TJ, Versteegh TH, Thompson E, Birmingham TB, Vandervoort AA. "Cardiovascular stress associated with concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercise in young and older adults". The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2000; 55(4): B177-B82.

[6] Okamoto T, Masuhara M, Ikuta K. "Cardiovascular responses induced during high-intensity eccentric and concentric isokinetic muscle contraction in healthy young adults". Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2006; 26(1): 39-44.

[7] Malm C, Lenkei R, Sjödin B. "Effects of eccentric exercise on the immune system in men". J Appl Physiol. 1999; 86(2): 461-8.

[8] Arazi H, Chegini J. "The comparative effect of different times under tension in eccentric phase of isotonic resistance exercise on markers of delayed-onset of muscle soreness". Sport Physiology. 2016; 8(31): 63-76. [in Persian]

[9] Nardone A, Romanò C, Schieppati M. "Selective recruitment of high-threshold human motor units during voluntary isotonic lengthening of active muscles". J Physiol. 1989; 409: 451-71.

[10] Durand RJ, Kraemer RR, Hollander DB, Tryniecki JL, Wall M, Saxon L, et al. "Different effects of concentric and eccentric muscle actions on plasma volume". The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2003; 17(3): 541-8.

[11] Durand RJ, Castracane VD, Hollander DB, Tryniecki JL, Bamman MM, O Neal S, et al. "Hormonal responses from concentric and eccentric muscle contractions". Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2003; 35(6): 937-43.

[12] Hollander DB, Durand RJ, Trynicki JL, Larock D, Castracane VD, Hebert EP, et al. "RPE, pain, and physiological adjustment to concentric and eccentric contractions". Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35(6): 1017-25.

[13] MacDonald JR. "Potential causes, mechanisms, and implications of post exercise hypotension". J Hum Hypertens. 2002; 16(4): 225-36.

[14] Rezk CC, Marrache RC, Tinucci T, Mion D, Jr., Forjaz CL. "Post-resistance exercise hypotension, hemodynamics, and heart rate variability: influence of exercise intensity". Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006; 98(1): 105-12.

[15] Heffernan KS, Sosnoff JJ, Jae SY, Gates GJ, Fernhall B. "Acute resistance exercise reduces heart rate complexity and increases QTc interval". Int J Sports Med. 2008; 29(4): 289-93.

[16] Heffernan KS, Kelly EE, Collier SR, Fernhall B. "Cardiac autonomic modulation during recovery from acute endurance versus resistance exercise". Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006; 13(1): 80-6.

[17] Kingsley JD, McMillan V, Figueroa A. "The effects of 12 weeks of resistance exercise training on disease severity and autonomic modulation at rest and after acute leg resistance exercise in women with fibromyalgia". Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010; 91(10): 1551-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2010.07.003.

[18] Kingsley JD, Hochgesang S, Brewer A, Buxton E, Martinson M, Heidner G. "Autonomic modulation in resistance-trained individuals after acute resistance exercise". Int J Sports Med. 2014; 35(10):851-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1371836.

[19] Chen JL, Yeh DP, Lee JP, Chen CY, Huang CY, Lee SD, et al. "Parasympathetic nervous activity mirrors recovery status in weightlifting performance after training". J Strength Cond Res. 2011; 25(6): 1546-52. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181da7858.

[20] Teixeira L, Ritti-Dias RM, Tinucci T, Mion Júnior D, Forjaz CL. "Post-concurrent exercise hemodynamics and cardiac autonomic modulation". Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011; 111(9): 2069-78. doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1811-1.

[21] Buchheit M, Laursen PB, Ahmaidi S. "Parasympathetic reactivation after repeated sprint exercise". Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007; 293(1): H133-41.

[22] O'Connor PJ, Bryant CX, Veltri JP, Gebhardt SM. "State anxiety and ambulatory blood pressure following resistance exercise in females". Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993; 25(4): 516-21.

[23] Claflin DR, Larkin LM, Cederna PS, Horowitz JF, Alexander NB, Cole NM, et al. "Effects of high- and low-velocity resistance training on the contractile properties of skeletal muscle fibers from young and older humans". J Appl Physiol. 2011; 111(4): 1021-30. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01119.2010.

[24] Ramírez-Campillo R, Castillo A, de la Fuente CI, Campos-Jara C, Andrade DC, Álvarez C, et al. "High-speed resistance training is more effective than low-speed resistance training to increase functional capacity and muscle performance in older women". Exp Gerontol. 2014; 58:51-7. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.07.001.

[25] Miyamoto T, Kamada H, Moritani T. "Acute cardiovascular responses to multiple sets of high-velocity resistance exercise in healthy adults". Res Sports Med. 2017; 25(4): 495-504 doi: 10.1080/15438627.2017.1365298.

[26] Martins-Costa HC, Diniz RCR, Lima FV, Machado SC, Almeida RSVd, Andrade AGPd, et al. "Longer repetition duration increases muscle activation and blood lactate response in matched resistance training protocols". Motriz: Revista de Educação Física. 2016; 22: 35-41. doi: 10.1590/S1980-65742016000100005.

[27] Lacerda LT, Martins-Costa HC, Diniz RC, Lima FV, Andrade AG, Tourino FD, et al. "Variations in repetition duration and repetition numbers influence muscular activation and blood lactate response in protocols equalized by time under tension". The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2016; 30(1): 251-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001044.

[28] Vargas-Molina S, Martín-Rivera F, Bonilla DA, Petro JL, Carbone L, Romance R, et al. "Comparison of blood lactate and perceived exertion responses in two matched time-under-tension protocols". PLoS One. 2020; 15(1): e0227640.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227640.

[29] Gentil P, Oliveira E, Fontana K, Molina G, Oliveira RJd, Bottaro M. "The acute effects of varied resistance training methods on blood lactate and loading characteristics in recreationally trained men". Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 2006; 12: 303-7.

[30] Gentil P, Oliveira E, Bottaro M. "Time under tension and blood lactate response during four different resistance training methods". Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 2006; 25(5): 339-44.

[31] Calixto R, Verlengia R, Crisp A, Carvalho T, Pereira A, Yamada A, et al. "Acute effects of movement velocity on blood lactate and growth hormone responses after eccentric bench press exercise in resistance-trained men". Biology of Sport. 2014; 13(4): 289-94.

[32] Gjovaag T, Hjelmeland AK, Oygard JB, Vikne H, Mirtaheri P. "Acute hemodynamic and cardiovascular responses following resistance exercise to voluntary exhaustion. Effects of different loadings and exercise durations". The Journal of Sports Mdicine and Physical Fitness. 2016; 56(5): 616-23. PMID: 27285350.

[33] Kambic T, Hadžić V, Lainscak M. "Hemodynamic response to high-and low-load resistance exercise in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized, crossover clinical trial". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8): 3905. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18083905.

[34] Caminiti G, Perrone MA, Iellamo F, D’Antoni V, Catena M, Franchini A, et al. "Acute left atrial response to different eccentric resistance exercise loads in patients with heart failure with middle range ejection fraction: A pilot study". Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022; 12(5): 689. doi: 10.3390/jpm12050689.

[35] Gjøvaag TF, Mirtaheri P, Simon K, Berdal G, Tuchel I, Westlie T, et al. "Hemodynamic responses to resistance exercise in patients with coronary artery disease". Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016; 48(4): 581-8. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000811.

[36] van der Zwaard S, Hooft Graafland F, van Middelkoop C, Lintmeijer LL. "Validity and reliability of facial rating of perceived exertion scales for training load monitoring". The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2023; 37(5): e317-e24 doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004361.

[37] Monroe JC, Naugle KM, Naugle KE. "Effect of acute bouts of volume-matched high-intensity resistance training protocols on blood glucose levels". The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2020; 34(2): 445-50 doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002994.

[38] Luebbers PE, Potteiger JA, Warren BJ, Clore JN, Jennings C, Bond DS. "Glucose uptake after resistance training of different intensities but of equal work volume". The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2008; 22(4): 1094-100.

[39] Robergs RA, Pearson DR, Costill DL, Fink WJ, Pascoe DD, Benedict MA, et al. "Muscle glycogenolysis during differing intensities of weight-resistance exercise". Journal of Applied Physiology. 1991; 70(4): 1700-6.

[40] Borg G. Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Human Kinetics. 1998.

[41] Gearhart JR RF, Goss FL, Lagally KM, Jakicic JM, Gallagher J, Robertson RJ. "Standardized scaling procedures for rating perceived exertion during resistance exercise". The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2001; 15(3): 320-5.

[42] Heden TD, Liu Y, Kanaley JA. "A comparison of adipose tissue interstitial glucose and venous blood glucose during postprandial resistance exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes". Journal of Applied Physiology. 2018; 124(4): 1054-61 doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00475.2017.

[43] Horstmann T, Mayer F, Maschmann J, Niess A, Roecker K, Dickhuth HH. "Metabolic reaction after concentric and eccentric endurance-exercise of the knee and ankle". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2001; 33(5): 791-5.

Sport Sciences and Health Research
Volume 15, Issue 1
January 2023
Pages 67-84

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics