Cardiovascular and respiratory response to ascent of the Damavand summit by classic method in elite climbers

Ashkriz, Nahid; Tartibian, Bakhtiar; Afroundeh, Roghayyeh

doi:10.22059/sshr.2024.368092.1109

Cardiovascular and respiratory response to ascent of the Damavand summit by classic method in elite climbers

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

² Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

³ Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

10.22059/sshr.2024.368092.1109

Abstract

Background: Exposure to high altitude causes significant stress in the functioning of cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and pulmonary volumes during the classic ascent of Damavand 5671 m peak.
Materials and Methods: 14 healthy male climbers (age = 23.85±5.93 years, height = 175.5±5.91 cm, weight =71.35±8.20 kg) participated voluntarily in this study. BP, HR and lung volumes were measured in basic (2000 M), BC (3100 m) the first day, C1 (3650 m) the first day, BC (3100 m) the second day after the one-night stopover, C1 (3650 m) the second day, C2 (4100 m) the second day, C2 (4100 M) third day after the one-night stopover, C3 (5000 m) and, peak (5671 m). Data were compared by repeated measures test at the significant level of P≤0.05 and Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: The results of repeated measures analysis were significant for HR, systolic BP, diastolic BP and MVV (P<0.05), but not significant for FVC and FEV1 (P≥0.05). BP was high in the base camp and the first camp and gradually decreased. HR continued to increase significantly with increasing altitude. MVV increased with increasing altitude and is reduced after the one-night stopover in each height.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that climbing with classic method increased the HR and decreased systolic and diastolic BP of climbers. It was able to induce adaptation in lung volumes of climbers.

Keywords

References

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[2] Apte ChV, Rao KS. “The maximum expiratory Flow- volume loop in natives of adakh and Acclimatized lowlanders”. High Alt Med Biol. 2005; 6(3): 209-14.

[3] Simpson LL, Steinback CD, Stembridge M, Moore JP. “A sympathetic view of blood pressure control at high altitude: New insights from microneurographic studies”. Journal of Experimental Physiology. Dec 2020; 106(2): 377-384. doi: 10.1113/EP089194.

[4] Baldi S, Ruffini E, et al. “Does lobectomy for lung cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affect lung function multicenter national study?”. J Thorac Cordiorasc Surg. 2005 Dec; 130(6): 1616-22.

[5] Farrell PA, Joyner MJ, Caiozzo VJ. Advanced Exercise Physiology. Ed 2, LWW 2012.

[6] Veloz AFV, Riss AKY, de Zeeuw ChI, Arias TVC, Veloz MFV. “Blood pressure in andean adults living permanently at different altitudes”. High Altitude Medicine and Biology. 2020; 21(4). doi: 10.1089/ham.2019.0101.

[7] Boskabady MH, Tashakory A. et al. “Prediction equations for pulmonary function values in healthy young Iranians aged 8-18 years”. Respirology. 2004 Nov; 9(4): 535-42.

[8] Kim MK, Hwangbo G. “The effect of position on measured lung function in patients with spinal cord injury”. J Physical Therapy Sci. 2012; 24(8): 655-7. doi: doi.org/10.1589/jpts.24.655.

[9] Tartibian B, Sharif R. "Central and environmental". Physiological Adaptations in Sports. Urmia University, Jilad Publications. 2000. [in Persian]

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[13] Vittore Verrati MD, Ferrare C, Sorana D, Zambon A, et al. “Effect of high alttitude trekking on blood pressure and on asymmetric dimethylarginine and isoprostane production: Resalts froma Mount Ararat expedition”. National Library of Medicine. 2020 Aug; 22(8): 1494-1503. doi: 10.1111/jch.13961.

[14] Herb Haltgren MD. High Altitude Medicine. United States of America, California. 1997.

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[16] Salahi M. Ascent Methods in Mountaineering. Mountain. Issue 36. 2004. [in Persian]

[17] Hussain MM, Aslam M. “Hypoxia and pulmonary acclimatization at 4578 m altitude: The role of acetazolamide and dexamethasone”. J Pak Med Assoc. 2003; 53(10): 451-8.

[18] Savonitto S, Cardellino G, Doveri G, et al. “Effects of acute exposure to altitude (3,460 m) on blood pressure response to dynamic and isometric exercise in men with systemic hypertension”. Am J Cardiol. 1992; 70: 1493-1497

[19] Vogel JA, Harris CW. “Cardiopulmonary responses of resting man during early exposure to high altitude”. J Appl Physiol. 1967; 22: 1124-1128.

[20] Rostrup M. “Catecholamines, hypoxia and high altitude”. Acta Physiol Scand. 1998; 162: 389-399.

[21] Bestle MH, Olsen NV, Poulsen TD, et al. “Prolonged hypobaric hypoxemia attenuates vasopressin secretion and renal response to osmostimulation in men”. J Appl Physiol. 2002; 92: 1911-1922.

[22] Parati G, Bilo G, Faini A, et al. “Changes in 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade during acute and prolonged high-altitude exposure: A randomized clinical trial”. Eur Heart J. 2014; 35: 3113-3122. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu275

[23] Gaiton A, Hall E. Medical Physiology. Translated by Sepehri H, Rastgarzadeh A. Vol 1. 2007. Second ed. [in Persian]

[24] Jingdu T, Chuan L, Yuanqi Y, Shiyong Y, et al. “Effects of baseline heart rate at sea level on cardiac responses to high-altitude exposure”. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020; 36(5): 799-810. doi: 10.1007/s10554-020-01769-w.

[25] Forte VA JR, Leith De. et al. “Ventilatory capacities at sea level and high altitude”. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1997; 68(6): 488-93.

[26] Basu Ck, selvamurthy W. et al. “Respiratory changes during initial days of acclimatization to increasing altitude”. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996; 67(1): 40-5.

[27] Hashimoto F, MC Williams B, Qualls C. “Pulmonary ventilatory function decreases in proportion to increasing altitude”. Wilderness Environ Med. 1997; 5(4): 214-7.

[28] Compte Torrero L, Real Soriano RM, et al. “Respiratory changes during ascension to 8000 meters mountain”. Med Clin (Barc). 2002; 118(2): 47-52.

[29] Deboeck G, Moraine JJ, Naeije R. “Respiratory muscle strength may explain hypoxia- induced decrease in vital capacity”. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005; 37(5): 754-8.

[30] Marinho PE, Berenguer A, et al. “Which pulmonary volume should be used in physiotherapy to obtain higher maximal inspiratory pressure in COPD patients?”. Physiother Res Int. 2005; 10(4): 182-9.

[31] Gautier H, Peslin R, et al. “Mechanical properties of the lungs during acclimatization to altitude”. J Apple Physiol. 1982; 52(6): 1407-15.

[32] Ioannis Heliopoulos, MD, Georgios P. “Maximal voluntary ventilation in myasthenia gravis”. Muscle Nerve. 2003; 27(6): 715-9.

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Cardiovascular and respiratory response to ascent of the Damavand summit by classic method in elite climbers

References

[1] Graham BL, Brusasco V, Burgos F, et al. “ERS/ATS standards for single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in the lung”. Eur Respir J. 2017; 3;49(1):1600016. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00016-2016.

[2] Apte ChV, Rao KS. “The maximum expiratory Flow- volume loop in natives of adakh and Acclimatized lowlanders”. High Alt Med Biol. 2005; 6(3): 209-14.

[3] Simpson LL, Steinback CD, Stembridge M, Moore JP. “A sympathetic view of blood pressure control at high altitude: New insights from microneurographic studies”. Journal of Experimental Physiology. Dec 2020; 106(2): 377-384. doi: 10.1113/EP089194.

[4] Baldi S, Ruffini E, et al. “Does lobectomy for lung cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affect lung function multicenter national study?”. J Thorac Cordiorasc Surg. 2005 Dec; 130(6): 1616-22.

[5] Farrell PA, Joyner MJ, Caiozzo VJ. Advanced Exercise Physiology. Ed 2, LWW 2012.

[6] Veloz AFV, Riss AKY, de Zeeuw ChI, Arias TVC, Veloz MFV. “Blood pressure in andean adults living permanently at different altitudes”. High Altitude Medicine and Biology. 2020; 21(4). doi: 10.1089/ham.2019.0101.

[7] Boskabady MH, Tashakory A. et al. “Prediction equations for pulmonary function values in healthy young Iranians aged 8-18 years”. Respirology. 2004 Nov; 9(4): 535-42.

[8] Kim MK, Hwangbo G. “The effect of position on measured lung function in patients with spinal cord injury”. J Physical Therapy Sci. 2012; 24(8): 655-7. doi: doi.org/10.1589/jpts.24.655.

[9] Tartibian B, Sharif R. "Central and environmental". Physiological Adaptations in Sports. Urmia University, Jilad Publications. 2000. [in Persian]

[10] Powers Scott K, Hawley Edvard T. Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance. Vol 1. Translation by Tartibian B. Urmia University, Jilad Publications. 1998. [in Persian]

[11] Mac Ardel WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Exercise Physiology (Energy, Nutrition and Human Performance). Translated by Khaledan A. Tehran: Samt Publication. 2001. [in Persian]

[12] Joshi LN, Joshi VD. “Effect of forced breathing on ventilation function of the lung”. J Postgrad Med. 1998; 44: 67-9.

[14] Herb Haltgren MD. High Altitude Medicine. United States of America, California. 1997.

[15] Murdoch DR, Pallard A. The High-Altitude Medicine Handbook (Mountaineering). Translation by Shahbazi J, Mohaggeg Sh. Ardabil. Azar Sabalan Publication. 2001. [in Persian]

[16] Salahi M. Ascent Methods in Mountaineering. Mountain. Issue 36. 2004. [in Persian]

[17] Hussain MM, Aslam M. “Hypoxia and pulmonary acclimatization at 4578 m altitude: The role of acetazolamide and dexamethasone”. J Pak Med Assoc. 2003; 53(10): 451-8.

[18] Savonitto S, Cardellino G, Doveri G, et al. “Effects of acute exposure to altitude (3,460 m) on blood pressure response to dynamic and isometric exercise in men with systemic hypertension”. Am J Cardiol. 1992; 70: 1493-1497

[19] Vogel JA, Harris CW. “Cardiopulmonary responses of resting man during early exposure to high altitude”. J Appl Physiol. 1967; 22: 1124-1128.

[20] Rostrup M. “Catecholamines, hypoxia and high altitude”. Acta Physiol Scand. 1998; 162: 389-399.

[21] Bestle MH, Olsen NV, Poulsen TD, et al. “Prolonged hypobaric hypoxemia attenuates vasopressin secretion and renal response to osmostimulation in men”. J Appl Physiol. 2002; 92: 1911-1922.

[22] Parati G, Bilo G, Faini A, et al. “Changes in 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade during acute and prolonged high-altitude exposure: A randomized clinical trial”. Eur Heart J. 2014; 35: 3113-3122. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu275

[23] Gaiton A, Hall E. Medical Physiology. Translated by Sepehri H, Rastgarzadeh A. Vol 1. 2007. Second ed. [in Persian]

[24] Jingdu T, Chuan L, Yuanqi Y, Shiyong Y, et al. “Effects of baseline heart rate at sea level on cardiac responses to high-altitude exposure”. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020; 36(5): 799-810. doi: 10.1007/s10554-020-01769-w.

[25] Forte VA JR, Leith De. et al. “Ventilatory capacities at sea level and high altitude”. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1997; 68(6): 488-93.

[26] Basu Ck, selvamurthy W. et al. “Respiratory changes during initial days of acclimatization to increasing altitude”. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996; 67(1): 40-5.

[27] Hashimoto F, MC Williams B, Qualls C. “Pulmonary ventilatory function decreases in proportion to increasing altitude”. Wilderness Environ Med. 1997; 5(4): 214-7.

[28] Compte Torrero L, Real Soriano RM, et al. “Respiratory changes during ascension to 8000 meters mountain”. Med Clin (Barc). 2002; 118(2): 47-52.

[29] Deboeck G, Moraine JJ, Naeije R. “Respiratory muscle strength may explain hypoxia- induced decrease in vital capacity”. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005; 37(5): 754-8.

[30] Marinho PE, Berenguer A, et al. “Which pulmonary volume should be used in physiotherapy to obtain higher maximal inspiratory pressure in COPD patients?”. Physiother Res Int. 2005; 10(4): 182-9.

[31] Gautier H, Peslin R, et al. “Mechanical properties of the lungs during acclimatization to altitude”. J Apple Physiol. 1982; 52(6): 1407-15.

[32] Ioannis Heliopoulos, MD, Georgios P. “Maximal voluntary ventilation in myasthenia gravis”. Muscle Nerve. 2003; 27(6): 715-9.

Volume 15, Issue 2
July 2023
Pages 159-169

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Cardiovascular and respiratory response to ascent of the Damavand summit by classic method in elite climbers

References

[1] Graham BL, Brusasco V, Burgos F, et al. “ERS/ATS standards for single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in the lung”. Eur Respir J. 2017; 3;49(1):1600016. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00016-2016.

[2] Apte ChV, Rao KS. “The maximum expiratory Flow- volume loop in natives of adakh and Acclimatized lowlanders”. High Alt Med Biol. 2005; 6(3): 209-14.

[3] Simpson LL, Steinback CD, Stembridge M, Moore JP. “A sympathetic view of blood pressure control at high altitude: New insights from microneurographic studies”. Journal of Experimental Physiology. Dec 2020; 106(2): 377-384. doi: 10.1113/EP089194.

[4] Baldi S, Ruffini E, et al. “Does lobectomy for lung cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affect lung function multicenter national study?”. J Thorac Cordiorasc Surg. 2005 Dec; 130(6): 1616-22.

[5] Farrell PA, Joyner MJ, Caiozzo VJ. Advanced Exercise Physiology. Ed 2, LWW 2012.

[6] Veloz AFV, Riss AKY, de Zeeuw ChI, Arias TVC, Veloz MFV. “Blood pressure in andean adults living permanently at different altitudes”. High Altitude Medicine and Biology. 2020; 21(4). doi: 10.1089/ham.2019.0101.

[7] Boskabady MH, Tashakory A. et al. “Prediction equations for pulmonary function values in healthy young Iranians aged 8-18 years”. Respirology. 2004 Nov; 9(4): 535-42.

[8] Kim MK, Hwangbo G. “The effect of position on measured lung function in patients with spinal cord injury”. J Physical Therapy Sci. 2012; 24(8): 655-7. doi: doi.org/10.1589/jpts.24.655.

[9] Tartibian B, Sharif R. "Central and environmental". Physiological Adaptations in Sports. Urmia University, Jilad Publications. 2000. [in Persian]

[10] Powers Scott K, Hawley Edvard T. Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance. Vol 1. Translation by Tartibian B. Urmia University, Jilad Publications. 1998. [in Persian]

[11] Mac Ardel WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Exercise Physiology (Energy, Nutrition and Human Performance). Translated by Khaledan A. Tehran: Samt Publication. 2001. [in Persian]

[12] Joshi LN, Joshi VD. “Effect of forced breathing on ventilation function of the lung”. J Postgrad Med. 1998; 44: 67-9.

[14] Herb Haltgren MD. High Altitude Medicine. United States of America, California. 1997.

[15] Murdoch DR, Pallard A. The High-Altitude Medicine Handbook (Mountaineering). Translation by Shahbazi J, Mohaggeg Sh. Ardabil. Azar Sabalan Publication. 2001. [in Persian]

[16] Salahi M. Ascent Methods in Mountaineering. Mountain. Issue 36. 2004. [in Persian]

[17] Hussain MM, Aslam M. “Hypoxia and pulmonary acclimatization at 4578 m altitude: The role of acetazolamide and dexamethasone”. J Pak Med Assoc. 2003; 53(10): 451-8.

[18] Savonitto S, Cardellino G, Doveri G, et al. “Effects of acute exposure to altitude (3,460 m) on blood pressure response to dynamic and isometric exercise in men with systemic hypertension”. Am J Cardiol. 1992; 70: 1493-1497

[19] Vogel JA, Harris CW. “Cardiopulmonary responses of resting man during early exposure to high altitude”. J Appl Physiol. 1967; 22: 1124-1128.

[20] Rostrup M. “Catecholamines, hypoxia and high altitude”. Acta Physiol Scand. 1998; 162: 389-399.

[21] Bestle MH, Olsen NV, Poulsen TD, et al. “Prolonged hypobaric hypoxemia attenuates vasopressin secretion and renal response to osmostimulation in men”. J Appl Physiol. 2002; 92: 1911-1922.

[22] Parati G, Bilo G, Faini A, et al. “Changes in 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade during acute and prolonged high-altitude exposure: A randomized clinical trial”. Eur Heart J. 2014; 35: 3113-3122. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu275

[23] Gaiton A, Hall E. Medical Physiology. Translated by Sepehri H, Rastgarzadeh A. Vol 1. 2007. Second ed. [in Persian]

[24] Jingdu T, Chuan L, Yuanqi Y, Shiyong Y, et al. “Effects of baseline heart rate at sea level on cardiac responses to high-altitude exposure”. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020; 36(5): 799-810. doi: 10.1007/s10554-020-01769-w.

[25] Forte VA JR, Leith De. et al. “Ventilatory capacities at sea level and high altitude”. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1997; 68(6): 488-93.

[26] Basu Ck, selvamurthy W. et al. “Respiratory changes during initial days of acclimatization to increasing altitude”. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996; 67(1): 40-5.

[27] Hashimoto F, MC Williams B, Qualls C. “Pulmonary ventilatory function decreases in proportion to increasing altitude”. Wilderness Environ Med. 1997; 5(4): 214-7.

[28] Compte Torrero L, Real Soriano RM, et al. “Respiratory changes during ascension to 8000 meters mountain”. Med Clin (Barc). 2002; 118(2): 47-52.

[29] Deboeck G, Moraine JJ, Naeije R. “Respiratory muscle strength may explain hypoxia- induced decrease in vital capacity”. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005; 37(5): 754-8.

[30] Marinho PE, Berenguer A, et al. “Which pulmonary volume should be used in physiotherapy to obtain higher maximal inspiratory pressure in COPD patients?”. Physiother Res Int. 2005; 10(4): 182-9.

[31] Gautier H, Peslin R, et al. “Mechanical properties of the lungs during acclimatization to altitude”. J Apple Physiol. 1982; 52(6): 1407-15.

[32] Ioannis Heliopoulos, MD, Georgios P. “Maximal voluntary ventilation in myasthenia gravis”. Muscle Nerve. 2003; 27(6): 715-9.

Volume 15, Issue 2July 2023Pages 159-169

Files

Share

How to cite

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Volume 15, Issue 2
July 2023
Pages 159-169